This course is oriented by scientific questions. It is composed ofimportant topics related to plate subduction, continental evolution or mantleplumes. For each topic, we discuss the background of the associated tectonicevents and the significant questions that remain to be solved. The course aimsto provide background knowledge for cutting-edge tectonic research, and more importantly,to guide the student exploring these important questions, to stimulate theirinterest, promoting active thinking and a global vision.