Introducing diverse and most advanced methodologies and the biological questions they help to answer, with both brand new biotechnologies and the rebirth of classic ones, including the following modules: pulse-chase, detection of nucleotides and proteins, single cell sequencing, gene editing, transgenic animals, microscopic imaging, lineage tracing, optogenetics. In addition, one additional module, either chemogenetics or function-based protein engineering, will be decided by the teacher. Grading is consisted of mid-term exam, final research proposal, student presentation, attendance and involvement in class discussion.