This course introduces the structure and function of the human brain, and its neurophysiological and psychological basis. Next, the course introduces the acquisition techniques of neural signals (e.g., EEG, fNIRS, fMRI, MEG), and neural stimulation and modulation techniques (e.g., TMS, tDCS). This course also introduces the framework, applications, and classical paradigms of BCI, and introduces the widely-used neural signal analysis methods. Finally, this course introduces the cutting-edge researches of BCI and discusses the development trends of BCI.