This is a history of science course on the development of Chinese physics and physicists during the 20th century. Modern physics based on quantum theory and the theory of relativity were introduced into China successively in the early 20th century. It was the hard work of generations of Chinese physicists in the last century that laid a solid foundation for today’s Chinese accomplishments in physics. Studying the enlightenment and development of modern physics in 20th-century China and drawing relevant historical lessons will deepen our understanding of the pioneers of Chinese physics and their complicated life trajectory. Learning from these Chinese physics predecessors the spirit of hard-working and patriotism will help cultivate and inspire young students to grow into scientists or engineers of promise, who will advance the innovation and development of Chinese science and technology.This course explores primarily on the dissemination of modern physics theories such as quantum theory and the theory of relativity, the cultivation and development of Chinese physicists, the development of college departments of physics and physics research institutes in China, as well as the historical context of the development of Chinese physics during the 20th century.