This course employs the famous sociologist and anthropologist Fei Xiaotong (1910–2005), or Fei Hsiao-Tung’s cultural self-awareness arguments as the theoretical framework, jointly with both Chinese and English classics, including Liang Shuming’s (1893 - 1988) works such as The Fundamentals of Chinese Culture, Chinese and Western Culture and Philosophy, The Overview of Oriental Scholarship as well as Bertrand Russell, Joseph Needham, Edward Jenks, Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s books. This course adopts appreciation as the pedagogy, through modular discussions that cover a wide range of themes, including family versus group life, virtue versus religion, etiquette and custom versus laws, profession versus class, nation versus tianxia (society), to elucidate the differences between Oriental and Occidental cultures and the underlying reasons for such differences. The overall objective of the course is to arouse the consciousness (awareness) of students and to encourage them apply it into daily cultural introspection.