Lecture, 3 credits, 3 hours per week. Course content includes the history of vaccine development, mechanisms of host immune responses to pathogens, vaccine delivery strategies, novel vaccine platforms, antigen selection, and important clinical trials and aspects of vaccine production. This course includes two road trips to vaccine production company to understand how vaccines are produced and how safety and efficacy are evaluated in detail. The course also addresses the determinants of vaccine development, including safety, regulatory, ethical and economic issues, as well as vaccine regulation and clinical testing from global perspective.